Preface | p. xiii |
Analysis Fundamentals | p. 1 |
Voltage Transfer Functions | p. 1 |
Power Transfer Functions | p. 3 |
Scattering Parameters | p. 4 |
The Smith Chart | p. 8 |
Radially Scaled Parameters | p. 10 |
Matching | p. 11 |
Broadband Amplifier Without Feedback | p. 13 |
Stability | p. 16 |
Broadband Amplifier With Feedback | p. 18 |
Component Parasitics | p. 21 |
Amplifier With Parasitics | p. 24 |
References | p. 27 |
Oscillator Fundamentals | p. 29 |
Example | p. 31 |
Mismatch | p. 32 |
Relation to Classic Oscillator Theory | p. 34 |
Loaded Q | p. 35 |
L-C Resonator Configurations | p. 36 |
L-C Resonator Phase Shift | p. 41 |
Resonators as Matching Networks | p. 41 |
Resonator Voltage | p. 42 |
Transmission Line Resonators | p. 44 |
Re-entrance | p. 48 |
Quartz Crystal Resonators | p. 49 |
Crystal Dissipation | p. 52 |
Pulling Crystal Oscillators | p. 53 |
Ceramic Piezoelectric Resonators | p. 56 |
SAW Resonators | p. 58 |
Multiple Resonators | p. 59 |
Phase | p. 62 |
Negative Resistance Analysis | p. 65 |
Emitter Capacitance in Negative-R Oscillators | p. 70 |
Looking Through the Resonator | p. 73 |
Negative Resistance Oscillator Noise | p. 74 |
Negative Conductance Oscillators | p. 75 |
Stability Factor and Oscillator Design | p. 80 |
Output Coupling | p. 81 |
Pulling | p. 84 |
Pushing | p. 86 |
References | p. 86 |
Limiting and Starting | p. 89 |
Limiting | p. 89 |
Amplitude and Frequency Stability | p. 90 |
Class-A Operation | p. 91 |
Near-Class-A Example | p. 92 |
Predicting Output Level | p. 96 |
Output Harmonic Content | p. 102 |
Class-C Power Oscillators | p. 104 |
Starting | p. 105 |
Starting Time | p. 106 |
Bias Time Constant | p. 108 |
Frequency Effects of Limiting | p. 109 |
References | p. 110 |
Noise | p. 111 |
Single-Sideband Phase Noise | p. 111 |
Amplifier Noise | p. 112 |
Amplifier Flicker Noise | p. 113 |
Oscillator Noise | p. 114 |
Oscillator Noise Nomograph | p. 116 |
Residual Phase and Frequency Modulation | p. 118 |
Varactor Modulation Phase Noise | p. 120 |
Buffer Amplifiers | p. 121 |
Frequency Multiplication | p. 124 |
Discrete Sidebands | p. 124 |
Power Supply Noise | p. 125 |
Low-Noise Design Suggestions | p. 126 |
Typical Oscillator Noise Performance | p. 128 |
References | p. 131 |
Biasing | p. 133 |
Bipolar Transistor Biasing | p. 133 |
Simple Feedback Biasing | p. 134 |
One-Battery Biasing | p. 136 |
CC Negative Supply Biasing | p. 137 |
Dual Supply Biasing | p. 138 |
JFET Biasing | p. 139 |
Grounded Source | p. 139 |
Self-Bias | p. 140 |
Dual-gate FET | p. 141 |
Active Bipolar Biasing | p. 143 |
Hybrid Biasing | p. 144 |
References | p. 145 |
Computer Techniques | p. 147 |
Oscillator Simulation | p. 148 |
Simple Resonator Example | p. 149 |
Oscillator Synthesis | p. 153 |
Synthesis Example | p. 153 |
Analysis of the Example | p. 155 |
Optimization of the Example | p. 155 |
Noise Performance of the Example | p. 157 |
SPICE Analysis of Oscillators | p. 159 |
Loaded Q Limitation | p. 161 |
100MHz Loop Oscillator Measured Data | p. 161 |
Negative-Resistance Oscillator Computer | p. 164 |
Analysis Fundamentals | p. 165 |
Device Selection | p. 166 |
Circuit Enhancements | p. 168 |
Broad Tuning UHF VCO Example | p. 170 |
Frequency Tuning Linearity | p. 174 |
Spice Analysis of the UHF VCO | p. 177 |
Oscillator Starting Time | p. 178 |
The Oscillator Spectrum | p. 181 |
References | p. 182 |
Circuits | p. 183 |
Frequency Range | p. 184 |
Stability | p. 185 |
Tuning Bandwidth | p. 185 |
Phase Noise | p. 187 |
Simplicity | p. 187 |
General Comments | p. 187 |
Output Coupling | p. 189 |
References | p. 189 |
L-C Oscillators | p. 191 |
Capacitors | p. 191 |
Inductors | p. 193 |
L-C Colpitts Oscillator | p. 196 |
Output Coupling | p. 199 |
L-C Clapp Oscillator | p. 199 |
Tuning | p. 200 |
Output Coupling | p. 202 |
Circuit Vagaries | p. 202 |
Operating Frequency | p. 202 |
L-C Bipolar Transistor Oscillator | p. 202 |
Tuning | p. 205 |
Coupling Capacitor Inductance | p. 206 |
Controlling the Phase | p. 206 |
The Bipolar Amplifier | p. 207 |
L-C Hybrid Oscillator | p. 207 |
References | p. 211 |
Distributed Oscillators | p. 213 |
Negative Resistance UHF Oscillator | p. 215 |
Circuit Vagaries | p. 219 |
L-C Resonator Form | p. 220 |
Output Coupling | p. 220 |
Advantages | p. 221 |
Circuit Variations | p. 222 |
Negative-R Oscillator with Transformer | p. 224 |
Bipolar Cavity Oscillator | p. 225 |
Tuning | p. 227 |
Example | p. 229 |
Hybrid Cavity Oscillator | p. 231 |
References | p. 234 |
SAW Oscillators | p. 235 |
SAW Bipolar Oscillator | p. 236 |
Output Coupling | p. 238 |
SAW Hybrid Oscillator | p. 238 |
Tuning | p. 239 |
Element Values | p. 241 |
Output Coupling | p. 242 |
SAW Dual-gate FET Oscillator | p. 242 |
Element Values | p. 245 |
Output Coupling | p. 246 |
References | p. 246 |
Quartz Crystal Oscillators | p. 247 |
Pierce Crystal Oscillator | p. 248 |
Loaded Q | p. 249 |
Element Values | p. 250 |
Dissipation | p. 251 |
Colpitts Crystal Oscillator | p. 251 |
Limitations | p. 251 |
Element Values | p. 253 |
Comments | p. 254 |
High-Performance Crystal Oscillator | p. 254 |
Performance | p. 255 |
Low-Frequency Overtone Crystals | p. 256 |
Example | p. 256 |
Element Values | p. 258 |
Frequency Pulling | p. 259 |
Phase Noise | p. 259 |
AM-to-PM Conversion | p. 261 |
Butler Overtone Crystal Oscillator | p. 261 |
Pulling | p. 263 |
Circuit Tips | p. 264 |
Butler Oscillator-Multiplier | p. 265 |
Example | p. 266 |
Modulation | p. 267 |
References | p. 269 |
Case Studies | p. 271 |
Assumed Specifications | p. 271 |
Low-Noise 910-920 MHz VCO | p. 273 |
Initial Observations | p. 273 |
Noise Analysis | p. 274 |
Proposed Oscillator | p. 275 |
Test Results | p. 277 |
Ultra Low Cost 939 MHz VCO | p. 278 |
Reducing the Cost | p. 279 |
Test Results | p. 281 |
Varactorless VCO | p. 283 |
One Transistor Resistor and Cap VCO | p. 283 |
Low Harmonic, Low Load Pull VCO | p. 284 |
Harmonic Performance | p. 285 |
Output Filtering | p. 285 |
Resonator Coupling | p. 287 |
Buffering | p. 289 |
Measured Performance | p. 289 |
Noise Performance | p. 291 |
Higher Power Oscillator | p. 292 |
Initial Considerations | p. 292 |
Measured Results | p. 295 |
References | p. 296 |
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