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Earth Materials | |
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Introduction | |
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Physical Properties of Minerals | |
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Definition of a Mineral | |
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Properties | |
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Determining the Properties of Minerals | |
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Common Minerals | |
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Classification of Minerals | |
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Strategy for Mineral Identification | |
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Using the Mineral Identification Tables | |
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Recognition of Minerals | |
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Silicate Minerals | |
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Geologic Resources and Minerals | |
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Igneous Rocks | |
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Mineralogical and Chemical Composition of Igneous Rocks | |
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Igneous Textures Reveal How Igneous Rocks Form | |
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Classification and Identification of Igneous Rocks | |
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Sedimentary Rocks | |
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Formation of Sedimentary Rocks | |
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Structures of Sedimentary Rocks | |
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Fossils | |
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Structures of Sedimentary Environments | |
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Clastic Sedimentary Rocks | |
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Biochemical and Chemical Sedimentary Rocks | |
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Identification and Description of Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks | |
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Metamorphic Rocks | |
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Metamorphic Processes and Types of Metamorphism | |
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Textures of Metamorphic Rocks | |
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Composition of Metamorphic Rocks | |
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Choosing a Classification for a Metamorphic Rock | |
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Temperature and Pressure of Metamorphism | |
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Maps and Time | |
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Introduction to Maps | |
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Types of Maps | |
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Map Legend | |
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Scale | |
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Directions | |
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Pace and Compass Mapping Exercise | |
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Global Location System: Latitude and Longitude | |
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Map Grids and Orientation | |
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Projections | |
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Global Positioning System (GPS) | |
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Topographic Maps | |
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Topography and Contours | |
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Topographic Profiles | |
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Using and Constructing Topographic Maps | |
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Air Photos Give a View of the Third Dimension | |
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Rock Structures | |
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Deformation of Rock Masses | |
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Introduction to Geologic Maps and Cross Sections | |
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Structures and Deformation | |
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Types of Igneous Rock Masses | |
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Metamorphic Rock Masses | |
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Rocks in a Cross Section | |
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Geologic Time and Geologic History | |
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Relative Age | |
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Geologic History | |
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Determination of Astronomic (Numerical) Dates | |
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Geologic Time Scale | |
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Geologic Maps | |
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Relationships between Contour Lines and Contacts | |
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Folds on Geologic Maps | |
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Faults on Geologic Maps | |
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Unconformities on Geologic Maps | |
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Igneous Rocks and Contacts on Geologic Maps | |
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Interpreting Geologic History from Geologic Maps and Cross Sections | |
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Drawing a Cross Section | |
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Making Geologic Maps from Field Investigations | |
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Mapmaking Simulation | |
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Earth's Dynamic Interior | |
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Earthquakes and Seismology | |
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Earthquake Hazards | |
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The Origin of Earthquakes | |
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Magnitude | |
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Locating an Earthquake | |
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Earth's Structure and Plate Tectonics | |
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The Structure of Earth's Interior | |
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The Theory of Plate Tectonics | |
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Geometric Fit of Continents | |
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Earth's Surface | |
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Landslides and Mass Movements | |
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Mass Wasting Is Hazardous | |
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Factors Influencing Mass Wasting | |
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Types of Mass Wasting | |
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Streams and Rivers | |
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Stream Gradient and Sinuosity | |
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Stream Erosion and Its Stages | |
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Flooding | |
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Groundwater and Karst Topography | |
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Porosity | |
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Permeability and Flow Rate | |
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Water Table, Groundwater Flow, and Wells | |
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Groundwater Flow | |
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Groundwater Depletion | |
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Groundwater Contamination | |
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Groundwater Causes Erosion by Solution | |
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Shorelines and Oceans | |
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The Edge of the Oceans | |
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Shorelines | |
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Ocean Currents | |
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Ocean Salinity and Deep Ocean Currents | |
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Nutrients in Seawater | |
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El Nino-La Nina | |
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Weather, Climate, and Their Effects | |
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Wind and the Atmosphere | |
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The Earth-Sun Relationship | |
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Weather | |
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Wind and Coriolis Effect | |
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Atmospheric Chemistry | |
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Glaciers, Glaciation, and Climate Change | |
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Glacier Types and Their Movement | |
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Landforms Resulting from Glaciation | |
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Climate Changes and Glaciers | |
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Deserts and Arid Landscapes | |
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Types of Deserts | |
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Wind Transport and Erosion | |
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Erosional Desert Landforms | |
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Depositional Desert Landforms | |
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Desertification | |
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Resources | |
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Resources | |
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Fossil Fuels as Resources | |
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Carbon Cycle | |
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Mineral Resources | |
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Appendix | |
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Scientific Methods | |
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Special Features of the Earth Sciences | |
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Apply Scientific Method to Your Own Life | |
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Glossary | |