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| Preface | |
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| Why study soil chemistry? | |
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| Soil chemistry and plants | |
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| Soil chemistry and soil biology and biochemistry | |
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| Soil chemistry and soil physics | |
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| Soil chemistry, geochemistry and soil formation | |
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| Soil chemistry and water chemistry | |
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| Soil chemistry and pollution science | |
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| Soil chemistry as a subdivision of chemistry | |
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| Soil chemistry in history and pre-history | |
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| The nature of soil--what it is and what it does | |
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| The transition from rock to soil | |
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| The remit of the soil chemist | |
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| Inorganic and mineral components of soils | |
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| The nature of rocks | |
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| Igneous rocks | |
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| Primary and secondary minerals | |
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| Sedimentary rocks | |
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| Diagenesis | |
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| Geochemical weathering | |
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| Silicates | |
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| Simple tetrahedra | |
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| Chain silicates | |
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| Sheet silicates | |
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| Framework silicates | |
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| Other important sheet structures | |
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| Isomorphous substitution | |
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| 2:1 and 1:1 type minerals | |
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| Important minerals other than silicates | |
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| Clay minerals | |
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| Interstratified minerals | |
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| Allophane | |
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| Imogolite | |
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| Soil minerals and soil chemical reactions | |
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| Soil organic matter | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Components of soil organic matter | |
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| Decomposing residues of plants | |
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| Cellulose | |
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| Hemicelluloses | |
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| Lignin | |
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| Soil biota and organic matter turnover | |
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| The soil decomposer community and microbial succession | |
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| Kinetics of organic matter breakdown | |
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| Resistant soil organic matter | |
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| Chemically protected organic matter | |
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| Physically protected organic matter | |
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| Detailed characterisation of soil organic matter | |
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| Chemical fractions of soil humus | |
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| Humic acid | |
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| Fulvic acid | |
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| Humin | |
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| Soil organic matter and soil structure | |
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| Organic matter as a transient binding agent | |
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| Organic matter as a temporary binding agent | |
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| Organic matter as a persistent binding agent | |
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| Organic matter and soil structural stability | |
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| Rates of degradation and accumulation of organic matter in soil | |
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| Turnover of soil organic matter | |
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| Accumulation and loss of soil organic matter | |
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| The organic chemistry of anaerobic soils | |
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| Soil organic matter and the generation of anaerobic conditions | |
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| Anaerobic microsites in soil | |
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| Competition between electron acceptors in anaerobic soils | |
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| Consequences of anaerobiosis in soils | |
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| Soil organic matter and trace element availability | |
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| Release of trace elements into soil solution | |
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| Depletion of trace elements in soil solution by bonding to organic matter | |
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| Chelation by organic ligands | |
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| Other roles of soil organic matter | |
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| Soil chemical reactions | |
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| Cation-exchange properties of soil clays | |
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| Inner-sphere and outer-sphere surface complexes | |
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| Measurement of exchangeable cations and exchange capacity | |
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| Some theoretical aspects of cation exchange | |
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| The Ratio Law | |
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| Particle size distribution in soils | |
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| Soil pH | |
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| Measurement of soil pH | |
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| The transient nature of soil pH | |
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| Soil pH and nutrient availability | |
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| The base cations | |
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| Copper, zinc and cobalt | |
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| Iron and manganese | |
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| Molybdenum | |
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| Phosphorus | |
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| Boron | |
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| Nitrogen | |
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| Sulphur | |
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| Other essential elements | |
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| Saline and sodic soils | |
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| Saline soils | |
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| Sodic soils | |
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| Saline-sodic soils | |
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| Gypsum in soil | |
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| Oxidation-reduction reactions in soils | |
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| The relationship between Eh and (pe + pH) | |
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| The solubility of iron and manganese under reducing conditions | |
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| Reducing conditions and soil pH | |
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| Chemical problems associated with anaerobic conditions | |
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| Biogeochemical cycling of nutrient elements | |
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| Cycles with no gaseous components | |
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| Cycles with gaseous components | |
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| Hydrogen | |
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| Oxygen | |
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| Carbon | |
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| Nitrogen | |
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| Sulphur | |
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| Chlorine | |
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| Selenium | |
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| Methods for studying element cycles | |
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| Precipitation inputs | |
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| Dry deposition inputs | |
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| Litter | |
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| Litter decomposition | |
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| Outputs in drainage waters | |
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| Gaseous fluxes | |
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| Animal wastes | |
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| Microbial cycling | |
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| Rain simulation techniques | |
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| General comments | |
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| Soil fertility | |
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| What is soil fertility? | |
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| What influences natural fertility? | |
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| Management options and soil fertility | |
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| Crop rotation | |
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| Intercropping | |
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| Unavailable nutrient pools | |
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| Plant breeding and selection | |
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| Use of fertilisers | |
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| Nitrogen fertilisation | |
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| Phosphorus fertilisation | |
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| Potassium fertilisation | |
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| Soil acidity | |
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| Soil pH and its measurement | |
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| Liming material | |
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| Acidity and plant growth | |
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| Trends in soil pH | |
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| Effects of liming on soil solution chemistry | |
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| Spatial pH variations | |
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| Evaluation of soil fertility | |
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| Soil analysis | |
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| Soil chemistry and freshwater quality | |
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| The hydrological cycle | |
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| Factors affecting hydrological pathways | |
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| Rainstorms, snowmelt and freshwater quality | |
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| Buffering of pH in upland streams | |
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| Catchment characteristics influencing soil-water interactions | |
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| Precipitation characteristics | |
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| Other climatic factors | |
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| Soil characteristics | |
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| Soil parent material | |
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| Catchment characteristics | |
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| Modelling water quality | |
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| Vegetation effects | |
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| Improved drainage and water quality | |
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| Agrochemicals, soils, and freshwater quality | |
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| Nitrogenous fertilisers and manures | |
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| Other fertilisers | |
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| Liming materials | |
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| Pesticides | |
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| Soils and pollution | |
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| Sources of soil pollution | |
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| Sludges and animal wastes | |
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| Fertilisers | |
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| Atmospheric inputs | |
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| Radionuclide deposition | |
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| Ammonia | |
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| Soils and acid deposition | |
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| Effects of increasing carbon dioxide | |
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| Adsorption of pesticides by soils | |
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| Types of pesticide adsorption to soil organic matter | |
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| Van der Waal's forces | |
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| Hydrogen bonding | |
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| Hydrophobic bonding | |
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| Ion exchange | |
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| Charge transfer | |
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| Ligand exchange | |
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| Chemisorption | |
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| Organic matter fractions involved in pesticide adsorption | |
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| The future of soil chemistry | |
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| The changing nature of research in soil chemistry | |
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| Soil as a component of the whole ecosystem | |
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| New research tools in soil chemistry | |
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| Soil chemistry and policy makers | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |