| Preface | p. vii |
| The Theory of Primate Taxonomy | p. 1 |
| What Taxonomy Is Meant to Do and How It Should Do It | p. 3 |
| Levels of Taxonomy | |
| Changing the Names | |
| The Meaning of "Relatedness" | |
| The Emergence of Defined Taxonomic Philosophies | |
| The Importance of Monophyly | |
| Problems with Cladistics | |
| The DNA Revolution | |
| The Cladistic Method | |
| The Fossil Record | |
| Taxonomic Ranking and Nomenclature | p. 15 |
| The Linnaean Hierarchy | |
| Adding More Categories | |
| Ages of the Different Ranks | |
| Should Taxa Be Ranked at All? | |
| Rules of Nomenclature | |
| The Species-Group | p. 26 |
| Theoretical Species Concepts | |
| Operational Species Concepts | |
| The Species in Paleontology | |
| Resolution? | |
| Need Species Be Monophyletic? | |
| Subspecies and Populations | |
| Phylogeography and Subspecies | |
| The Consequences for Conservation | |
| A Brief History of Primate Taxonomy | p. 39 |
| Successors to Linnaeus | |
| The Early Nineteenth Century: The French School | |
| The Early Nineteenth Century: The German Contribution | |
| Primate Taxonomy Takes Off in the Anglophone World | |
| The Age of Prolixity | |
| The Age of Revisions | |
| The Chromosome Revolution | |
| The Protein Revolution | |
| The DNA Revolution | |
| The Fieldwork Revolution | |
| Late Twentieth-Century Synthesis | |
| Where the Main Collections Are | |
| Protocol for Alpha Taxonomy | |
| Taxonomy of Primates above the Family Level | p. 54 |
| Dividing the Strepsirrhini | |
| Dividing the Haplorrhini | |
| Interrelationships of Platyrrhines | |
| A Classification of Primates to Family Level | |
| Putting Primate Taxonomy into Practice | p. 63 |
| Malagasy Lemurs | p. 65 |
| Family Cheirogaleidae Gray, 1873 | p. 65 |
| Family Lemuridae Gray, 1821 | p. 72 |
| Family Megaladapidae Forsyth Major, 1893 | p. 83 |
| Family Indridae Burnett, 1828 | p. 86 |
| Family Daubentoniidae Gray, 1863 | p. 92 |
| Loriformes | p. 93 |
| Family Loridae Gray, 1821 | p. 93 |
| Family Galagonidae Gray, 1825 | p. 99 |
| Tarsiiformes | p. 121 |
| Family Tarsiidae Gray, 1825 | p. 121 |
| Platyrrhini | p. 126 |
| Family Cebidae Bonaparte, 1831 | p. 126 |
| Subfamily Hapalinae Gray, 1821 | p. 126 |
| Subfamily Cebinae Bonaparte, 1831 | p. 148 |
| Subfamily Chrysotrichinae Cabrera, 1900 | p. 156 |
| Family Nyctipithecidae Gray, 1870 | p. 162 |
| Family Pitheciidae Mivart, 1865 | p. 167 |
| Subfamily Pitheciinae Mivart, 1865 | p. 167 |
| Subfamily Callicebinae Pocock, 1925 | p. 170 |
| Family Atelidae Gray, 1825 | p. 178 |
| Subfamily Mycetinae Gray, 1825 | p. 178 |
| Subfamily Atelinae Gray, 1825 | p. 186 |
| Old World Monkeys--Superfamily Cercopithecoidea Gray, 1821 | p. 196 |
| Family Cercopithecidae Gray, 1821 | p. 196 |
| Subfamily Cercopithecinae Gray, 1821 | p. 196 |
| Tribe Cercopithecini Gray, 1821 | p. 196 |
| Tribe Papionini Burnett, 1828 | p. 220 |
| Subfamily Colobinae Jerdon, 1867 | p. 246 |
| African Group | p. 246 |
| Langur Group | p. 257 |
| Odd-Nosed Group | p. 285 |
| Hominoids--Superfamily Hominoidea Gray, 1825 | p. 289 |
| Family Hylobatidae Gray, 1870 | p. 289 |
| Family Hominidae Gray, 1825 | p. 298 |
| Subfamily Ponginae Elliot, 1912 | p. 298 |
| Subfamily Homininae Gray, 1825 | p. 300 |
| A Word about Fossil Primates | p. 310 |
| Glossary | p. 312 |
| Literature Cited | p. 317 |
| Index | p. 341 |
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