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| Remote Sensing Methods in the Atmosphere | |
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| Lidar: An Overview | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Backscatter Lidar (Rayleigh-Mie-Lidar) | |
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| DIAL | |
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| Raman Lidar | |
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| Doppler-Lidar | |
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| Outlook | |
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| References | |
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| Application Perspectives of Intense Laser Pulses in Atmospheric Diagnostics | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Interaction of Intense Laser Pulses With Air - Detection of Gases | |
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| Interaction of Intense Laser Pulses with Microdroplets - Characterization of Aerosols | |
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| Outlook | |
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| References | |
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| Analysis of Three Dimensional Aerosol Distributions by Means of Digital Holography | |
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| Abstact | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Digital Holography | |
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| Storage of the Digital Hologram | |
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| Digital Reconstruction of the Stored Volume | |
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| Development of an Aerosol Analysis Aystem on the Basis of Digital Holography | |
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| Analysis of Digitally Reconstructed Droplets | |
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| Recognition of Droplets, Determination of Localization and Size | |
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| Results | |
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| Field Campaign FELDEX 2000 | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Acknowledgement | |
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| References | |
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| Applications in Liquid and Solid States | |
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| Laser-Based Analysis of Solids with Environmental Impact | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy | |
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| Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Mineral Oils in Soils | |
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| DDT on Wood | |
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| Pesticides on Leaves | |
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| Rock Identification | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy | |
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| Recycled Thermoplastics from Consumer Electronics Waste | |
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| Inorganic Wood Preservatives | |
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| Transformation of Spatial in Pseudo-Temporal Resolution | |
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| Multi-Element Detection of Pollutants in Soil | |
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| Combination Technique: LIBS-LIF | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Vibrational Spectroscopy | |
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| Infrared Spectroscopy | |
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| Raman Spectroscopy | |
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| Laser Ablation, Laser Desorption, Laser Ionization | |
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| Mass Spectrometry | |
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| Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry | |
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| Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry | |
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| Resonance Enhanced Multi-Photon Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry | |
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| Laser-based Ion Mobility Spectrometry | |
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| Organic Wood Preservatives | |
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| Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soils | |
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| Photo- and Optoacoustic Spectroscopy | |
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| PCP Detection on Wood | |
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| Determination of the Optical Properties of Human Skin | |
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| Other Techniques and Outlook | |
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| References | |
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| Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) Spectroscopy for the In Situ Analysis of Petroleum Product-Contaminated Soils | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Experimental Techniques | |
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| The LIF demonstrator unit | |
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| The mobile LIF spectrometer OPTIMOS | |
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| Investigated petroleum products and soil samples | |
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| Results and Discussion | |
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| Photophysical properties of the petroleum products | |
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| LIF spectroscopic investigations of oil-spiked samples | |
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| LIF spectroscopic investigations of real-world soils | |
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| Field investigations | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Acknowledgment | |
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| References | |
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| Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) in Environmental and Process Analysis | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Plasma Generation | |
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| Spectrochemical Analysis with Laser Plasmas | |
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| Instrumentation | |
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| Applications in Environmental and Process Analysis | |
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| Solid Samples | |
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| Liquid Samples and Colloids | |
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| Gaseous Samples and Aerosols | |
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| Conclusion and Outlook | |
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| References | |
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| Intracavity-, Laser-Desorption- and Cavity Ring-Down Techniques as Detection Devices for Samples in Condensed Phases | |
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| An Intracavity Laser Raman Detection Device for HPLC Chromatography | |
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| Experimental Approach | |
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| Results | |
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| Laser Desorption Spectroscopy | |
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| Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy of the Condensed Phase | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Current Status of the Development of Condensed Phase CRDS | |
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| Further Developments of Mirror Coated Thin Film CRDS | |
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| Improved Sensitivity of Detection by Utilizing the Dependence of Absorption on the Spatial Position of the Ultrathin Layer in the Electromagnetic Wave | |
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| Extension of Our Method to Liquids | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| References | |
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| Application of Two-Dimensional LIF for the Analysis of Aromatic Molecules in Water | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Hardware | |
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| Overview | |
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| Laser | |
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| Detection System I | |
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| Detection System II | |
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| Current development | |
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| Optimised Sensor Geometry | |
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| Data processing and Calibration | |
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| Introduction | |
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| PLS-Calibration | |
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| Applications | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| References | |
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| Applications for Gaseous Substances and Aerosols | |
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| Chemical Analysis with Multi-Dimensional and On-Line Selectivity Using Laser Spectroscopy Combined with Mass or Species Separation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Resonant Laser Mass Spectrometry | |
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| Laser-assisted Selective Detection in Chromatography | |
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| Two-Dimensional Selectivity by Absorption/Emission Spectroscopy | |
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| Laser-Assisted Analysis of Solid Samples | |
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| Diode Lasers: A Step Toward Miniaturization of Laser-Based Chemical Analysis? | |
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| References | |
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| Rapid Analysis of Complex Mixtures by Means of Resonant Laser Ionization Mass Spectrometry | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Principles of Laser Ionization Mass Spectrometry | |
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| Resonant Multiphoton Ionization | |
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| Time-of-flight mass spectrometry | |
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| Laser desorption | |
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| Application Examples | |
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| On-line exhaust gas analysis | |
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| Soil Analysis | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Acknowledgement | |
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| References | |
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| Diode-Laser Sensors for In-Situ Gas Analysis | |
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| Absorption Spectroscopy | |
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| Mid-Infrared Diode-Laser Spectrometers | |
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| Near-Infrared Overtone Spectrometer | |
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| Quantum Cascade Lasers | |
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| Quantum Limited Spectroscopy | |
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| References | |
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| Applications in Life Science | |
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| Laser Analytics of Gas Samples in Life Science | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Sources of Biological Gas Samples | |
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| Composition of exhaled breath | |
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| Other biological sources of gaseous emissions | |
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| Instrumentation for Laser Analytics of Breath and Other Biological Gas Samples | |
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| Sample collection and preparation | |
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| Laser spectroscopic techniques | |
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| Application of Breath Tests | |
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| Monitoring of endogenous volatile diseasemarkers in breath | |
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| Use of stable isotope markers for medical and pharmaceutical research | |
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| Conclusion and Perspectives | |
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| References | |
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| Detection of Nitric Oxide in Human Exhalation Using Laser Magnetic Resonance | |
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| Free Radical Spectroscopy, a Challenge for Sensitive Detection | |
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| Applied Spectroscopy using the LMR Method | |
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| Dynamic Behaviour of NO in Exhalation | |
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| Blood Pressure Regulating NO | |
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| In-Vitro Investigations using LMR | |
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| Applications in Pharmacology | |
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| Future Development, Smaller and Simpler | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| References | |
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| Medical Trace Gas Detection by Means of Mid-Infrared Cavity Leak-Out Spectroscopy | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The CO-Overtone Spectrometer | |
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| Demonstration of Medical Applications with the CO-Overtone Spectrometer | |
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| Oxidative Stress | |
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| Measurements on Smokers | |
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| Further Applications | |
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| Transportable Setup (DFG Laser) | |
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| Outlook | |
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| Acknowledgement | |
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| References | |
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| Practical Applications of CRDS in Medical Diagnostics | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Cavity Ring-down Spectroscopy | |
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| Applications | |
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| Helicobacter Pylori Detection | |
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| Analysis of the Exhaled Breath in Smokers | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Photoacoustic Trace Gas Detection in Plant Biology | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The CO Overtone Laser Photoacoustic Spectrometer | |
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| Characterization of the spectrometer | |
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| Comparison of acetaldehyde detection with PAS and HPLC | |
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| New Radiation Sources for PA Detection | |
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| Photoacoustic detection with an optical parametric oscillator | |
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| Application to Plant Physiology | |
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| Ethylene and ethane from freezing damage | |
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| Ethane and pentane from germinating peas | |
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| Acetaldehyde emission from flooded poplar trees | |
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| Summary | |
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| Acknowledgement | |
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| References | |
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| DNA Adducts as Biomarkers for Carcinogenesis Analysed by Capillary Electrophoresis and Laser-Induced-Fluorescence Detection | |
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| Significance of DNA Adducts | |
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| Methods for Analyzing DNA Adducts | |
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| Reproducibility, Fluorescence-Quenching Phenomenon and Labeling Efficiency | |
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| Sensitivity | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |